Scholars say to fly away to find the priceless gem. That does not fail the scholars. Even if it is not in the ashes, it is found in coal mines. Scientists also have to go deep into the ground to find elusive particles. Particle detectors have been installed all over the world.
So will it be necessary to go underground to find the dark matter? Yes, the search for these invisible particles is going on by sending spacecraft into space just as they are trying to catch dark particles by building a laboratory under the ground. But those who do not interact with ordinary particles, do not emit any light rays, how do they meet?
Scientists are not willing to give up hope. The universe was born through the famous Big Bang. That is, all the particles in the universe were born through the Big Bang. So scientists believe that Dark Matter particles were born through the Big Bang.
If that is the case, hidden particles can occasionally interact with ordinary visible particles. Yes, that's right you can now become known as a Lord of the Rings. But it happens. Scientists say that every second, trillions upon trillions of dark particles are flowing through all parts of the universe. Our earth, even through our bodies, is carrying innumerable hidden particles.
Those particles are coming out perfectly smooth, not that. Occasionally they collide with the nucleus of visible atoms. That collision can change the course of the hidden particles. Wherever they ran, After colliding with the nucleus, it may return to the opposite direction. This collision will create energy. That energy will find the hidden particles.
A detector has been set up at Stanford University in California, USA, to search for dark matter particles. The whole project is called Cryogenic Dark Matter Search or CDMS. When the project started, another famous University of Minnesota in the United States came forward.
The university, in conjunction with Stanford University, installed another detector inside the Southern Minnesota Southern Mine. This is a slightly improved version. That is why it is called Super CDMS.
The main initiators of the CDMS detector were three American researchers, Blas Cabrera, Lawrence Krauas and Frank Wijek. They took the initiative to install CDMS detectors in the mid-1980's.
The process of finding hidden particles in a CDMS detector is quite interesting. This detector is made of semiconductor crystal. The detector is made in such a way that its temperature will rise as soon as the dark matter particles come and hit. That temperature will inform the news of the presence of dark particles.
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The question is how much will the temperature of the detector increase due to the impact of dark matter particles? Can that excess temperature be detected at all, or will it be lost in the ambient temperature? Researchers are extremely cautious. They put the detector in a place where the temperature is less than a milli Kelvin. The detector will tell you if there is a slight change in the temperature of that very cold place. And scientists will know, a stranger came from the world of dark matter!
Germanium crystals are used in this detector. If dark matter particles come and hit it, its temperature will increase. And there will be a semiconductor or semiconductor sensor to measure that temperature. That sensor will record the extra temperature.
The same detector does not only increase or decrease the temperature. Something more could happen. For example, if a particle from outside comes and hits, its germanium crystal can drop some atoms. Again, light or radiation can be emitted from that crystal. The secret particles can also be traced to the emission of these atoms and radiation. If an atom or radiation is emitted by the impact of a normal visible particle, their amount will be much higher. But if dark matter particles hit the atoms and radiation, they would emit very small amounts. But the only hope of finding dark matter in this way is greed.
Why do scientists have to go to the surface to detect dark matter particles by detecting temperature changes in detectors?
This is because of our atmosphere and surroundings. Trillions upon trillions of cosmic rays are falling on our surface at every moment. If you hit those rays on the detector, the temperature of the detector will increase. Then scientists will get the wrong message. Apart from that we are producing gamma rays, X-rays, radio waves in our daily life. These radiations can also penetrate the laboratory's security wall and strike the detector. So the detectors that are used to find the dark matter, by digging a tunnel under the ground or by putting the detector inside an abandoned deep mine, the search is going on. Just as cosmic rays cannot penetrate into the earth's crust, so the entry of unwanted radiation born around us is also forbidden there.
Attempts are not being made to detect dark matter particles using CDMS alone. Attempts are also being made in some more alternative ways. But no test to date has been able to find dark matter. So do scientists sit idly by? Never?
The fact that the results of the study are negative does not mean that all the possibilities are gone. Instead, one by one the methods are being discarded, the way to find the dark matter particles is more open. How is that?
Before each experiment began, scientists began searching for an idea of the character and nature of dark matter particles. Suppose, in a test, the mass of dark matter particles was taken from 130 GEV (giga electrovolt) to 200 GEV to prepare for the test.
If particles in the 130-200 GEV range hit the detector, scientists can calculate in advance what will be obtained from it, the temperature generated or the energy of the radiation. So when the results are not available in any test done within the range, Then scientists can be sure that the mass of these dark matter particles is out of this range or the character of dark matter is not like that.
Once these are confirmed, scientists may rethink the mass and character of dark matter. In this way, one by one, you will find dark matter in new ways. The religion of Dark Matter will be more specific. Then one day the dark particle will be caught in the detector by shaking off the mystery of darkness.
Source: Cryogenic Society.org